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Abbreviations 8-OHdG: 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine 8-oxoGsn: 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine AA: Aristolochic acid ADORA1: Adenosine A1 receptor AhR: Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor AKT: Protein kinase B AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase AOPP: Advanced oxidation protein products Apaf-1: Apoptosis-inducing factor 1 ARE: Antioxidant response element ASK1: Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 ATF: Activating transcription factor ATG: Autophagy-related gene ATO: Arsenic trioxide ATP: Adenosine triphosphate Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein Bcl-2: B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 BCR: B cell receptor BER: Base excision repair Bim: Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor CAT: Catalase CCL: CC motif chemokine ligand CDK: Cyclin-dependent kinase CEBPs: CCAAT enhancer binding proteins CIRP: Cold shock protein COX: Cyclooxygenase CTGF: Connective tissue growth factor CTNNB1: Catenin beta 1 CSCs: Cancer stem cells CYP450: Cytochrome P450 DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns DCs: Dendritic cells DHA: Dihydroartemisinin DHCR24: 24-Dehydrocholesterol reductase Drp1: Dynamin-related protein 1 ECM: Extracellular matrix EGF: Epidermal growth factor EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition ER: Endoplasmic reticulum ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ETC: Electron transport chain FADD: Fas-associated death domain protein FGFR4: Fibroblast growth receptor 4 GLS1: Glutaminase 1 GPx: Glutathione peroxidases GRP75: Glucose-regulated protein 75 GSH: Glutathione GST: Glutathione S -transferase GTP: Guanosine triphosphate GSDMD: Gasdermin D HBV: Hepatitis B virus HBx: Hepatitis B virus X protein HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma HCV: Hepatitis C virus HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha HNE: 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1 HSCs: Hepatic stellate cells HR: Hazard ratio ICIs: Immune checkpoint inhibitors ICD: Immunogenic cell death IFN-: Interferon-gamma IKK: IB kinase IL: Interleukin iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase IRE1: Inositol requiring enzyme 1 JAK2: Janus kinase 2 JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase KCs: Kupffer cells Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 LC3-II: Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II LDL: Low-density lipoprotein LPO: Lipid peroxidation LPS: Lipopolysaccharide MAM: Mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MDA: Malondialdehyde MDM2: Murine double minute 2 METTL3: Methyltransferase-like 3 MIF: Macrophage migration inhibitory factors MLKL: Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases MPTP: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin NEIL1: Endonuclease VIII-like 1 NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-B NFAT: Nuclear factor of activated T cells NK cells: Natural killer cells NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 NO: Nitric oxide NOX1: NADPH oxidase 1 NQO1: NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor NS3/4A: Nonstructural protein 3/4A NS5A: Nonstructural protein 5A NS5B: Nonstructural protein 5B NUPR1: Nuclear protein 1 OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation p53: Tumor protein p53 PDCD4: Programmed cell death 4 PD-L1: Programmed cell death-ligand 1 PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase PIP3: Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate PKG: Protein kinase G PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PRDX4: Peroxiredoxin 4 PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog PTM: Post-translational modification PTP1B: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B PGE2: Prostaglandin E2 RIP3: Receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3 ROS: Reactive oxygen species RNS: Reactive nitrogen species RUNX3: Runt-related transcription factor 3 SAM: S -adenosylmethionine SIRT: Sirtuin SMAD: Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog SOD: Superoxide dismutase STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 TCR: T cell receptor TGF-1: Transforming growth factor beta 1 TME: Tumor microenvironment TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TLRs: Toll-like receptors TRAIL: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand TrxR1: Thioredoxin reductase-1 Tregs: Regulatory T cells UPR: Unfolded protein response VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor XO: Xanthine oxidase XBP1: X-box binding protein 1 YTHDF1: YTH domain-containing family protein 1 References Vogel A, Meyer T, Sapisochin G, Salem R, Saborowski A
Markowski, D
Neurochem Int 37(23):163170 Sontheimer H (2008) A role for glutamate in growth and invasion of primary brain tumors
UAE Researchers have found that by binding to these receptors, CJC-1295 No DAC triggers a cascade of events that prompt the controlled and rhythmic release of growth hormone in the body
