acetyl-l-carnitine liver side effects Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update Carnitine Deficiency: What Is It,

2024 Jan 26;25(3):1517

Due to their similar structures, both hCG and LH bind to the same LHCGR receptor on Leydig cells, but hCG does so with greater affinity, preferentially inducing cAMP and increasing intracellular Ca, upregulating genes that code steroidogenic enzymes

Semaglutide treatment resulted in a 24% reduction in major kidney disease, a composite of kidney failure, at least a 50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline or death from kidney-associated or cardiovascular causes

These changes contribute to immune cell bioenergetic failure, T cell exhaustion, and cytosolic release of mtDNA, which can activate cGAS-STING and NLRP3 pathways to sustain chronic inflammation

References 1 AddanteA.RonceroC.AlmalL.LazcanoiturburuN.Garca-lvaroM.FernndezM.et al (2018)